The Effects of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation on Treatment Adherence in Schizophrenia

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Male or female participants of any race or ethnicity 2. Inpatients or outpatients ≥18 years of age 3. DSM-V diagnosis of SCZ or schizoaffective disorder 4. Capable of consenting to participate in the research study 5. On a stable dose of antipsychotic drug and other concomitant medications for at least 2 months, and unlikely to undergo changes in dose during the study Exclusion Criteria: 1. Unwilling or incapable to consent to the study based on the MacArthur Test of Competence 2. Unstable medical or any concomitant major medical or neurological illness, including a history of seizures 3. Acute suicidal or homicidal ideation 4. Formal thought disorder rating ≥3 on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) P2 conceptual disorganization item 5. DSM-V substance dependence (except caffeine and nicotine) within 1 month of entering the study\* 6. Positive urine drug screen except for cannabis/marijuana at the screening visit 7. Metal implants or pacemaker precluding an MRI scan or other contraindications to MRI (eg., claustrophobia) 8. Pregnancy 9. Score \< 32 on the Wide Range Achievement Test-III * Substance misuse: In addition to impaired insight, substance misuse is one of the principle contributors to medication nonadherence. To minimize the possibility of its influence, participants with a DSM-V diagnosis of substance dependence within 1 month of entering the study or a positive urine drug test (except for cannabis/marijuana) at the screening visit will be excluded. Substance use and urine drug screens will be assessed at subsequent study visits.