Duration of Urinary Catheterization

Inclusion Criteria: * Elective procedures involving total mesorectal excision, including low anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer as well as proctectomy for inflammatory bowel disease. * All approaches (open, laparoscopic and robotic) will be included, as the approaches not differ in the total mesorectal excision technique. * Patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation treatments will be included. * Age ≥ 18 years. * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I-III. * Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients undergoing emergent or urgent surgery. * Patients undergoing total mesorectal excision in combination with other major surgical procedures on the same day should be excluded from this study. * Patients sustaining genitourinary tract injury during the procedure should be excluded postoperatively. * History of urinary retention after previous procedure, surgery, or urinary catheter removal. * History of urinary retention not being actively treated. * Patients requiring prolonged duration or replacement of urinary catheter in the postoperative period for reasons other than urinary retention should be excluded. * History of neurogenic bladder. * Patients with chronic indwelling Foley catheterization or suprapubic catheterization. * History of cystectomy and/or any surgically created urinary conduit, including neobladder and ileal conduit. * Patients less than 18 years of age should be excluded from this study. * Vulnerable patients including incarcerated patients or any patients unable or unwilling to provide informed consent will be excluded from this study.