Multi-session fMRI-Neurofeedback in PTSD

Inclusion Criteria: * 18-65 years old * Fluent English speaker * Comfortable using electronic devices (i.e., laptop, tablet, smartphone, etc.) * Meet criteria for a primary diagnosis of PTSD via the DSM-5 on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5). Note: given high rates of PTSD co-morbidity with major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders, these participants will not be excluded from the study, allowing for a naturalistic sample * Able to provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Medical * Pregnant women or women who are breastfeeding * Serious illness (including cardiac, hepatic, renal, respiratory, endocrinologic, neurologic, or hematologic disease) that is not stabilized based on the judgment of primary investigator * Contraindications for research MRI, including metallic implants * Neurological disease, past head injury with loss of consciousness, stroke, seizures * Major untreated medical illness (e.g., cancer, thyroid disorder) * Any other condition that might interfere with the person's capacity to give informed consent, or to adhere to the study protocol. Psychological/Psychiatric * Active substance use or abuse as defined by the MINI or judged to be a problem by the PI * Current or past pain disorders, bipolar disorders or psychosis, schizophrenia, and any other psychotic disorder will be excluded * Participants will also be excluded for active suicidality, history of pervasive developmental disorders, or any other major medical illnesses * Meeting criteria for substance use disorder in the past three months on the MINI * Chronic opioid analgesic use within the last three months * Any other condition that might interfere with the person's capacity to give informed consent, or to adhere to the study protocol * Current engagement in a primary trauma-focused psychotherapy treatment. Other * History of claustrophobia * Previous engagement in biofeedback, neurofeedback, or any form of brain stimulation therapy.