A Health Apps for Post-Pandemic Years for People With Physiological and Psychosocial Distress

The negative impacts on physical and psychological health brought by COVID-19 seem to perpetuate in the post-pandemic era. It is estimated that there will be an impending mental health crisis in the general population in the aftermath of the pandemic due to the delayed negative impacts of COVID-19 and the associated non-pharmaceutical public health interventions such as social distancing, quarantining, and lockdown. Smart Health, defined as the provision of medical and public healthcare services by using mobile technologies, is a cost-effective and easily operated intervention that can provide various functions and can bring significant changes in people's health behaviour, such as prompting them to adopt a physically active lifestyle. Despite the rapid growth of digital health technology, most of them were developed during pandemic with a focus on delivering non-systematic, general virtual healthcare to people. The aim of this study is 1) to develop a Health Apps for Post-Pandemic Years (HAPPY) driven by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping Theory, and 2) to evaluate its efficacy of alleviating people's physiological and psychosocial distress during post-pandemic era. A total of 814 eligible participants, both COVID-19 victims and non-COVID-19 victims exhibiting physiological and/or psychosocial distress during post-pandemic era, will be recruited and randomized to either the experimental or the waitlist control group. The experimental group will receive a 24-week intervention combined with an 8-week regular supervision phase plus a 16-week self-help phase. Participants will receive different coping strategies, namely physical training, energy conservation techniques and mindfulness-based coping in the intervention hub at Level 2 based on participants' assessments at Level 1, and enhance self-management at Level 3. Participants' physical activity levels will be measured using commercial wearable sensors. The waitlist control group will receive materials on the promotion of physical and psychological health during waiting period and receive the same intervention as the experimental group in week 25. It is hypothesized that the experimental group will exhibit milder symptoms of physiological and psychosocial distress, and have a more positive appraisal mindset, greater self-efficacy, and more sustainable self-management ability than participants in the waitlist control group.