Involvement of the Gut Microbiota-brain Cross-talk in the Loss of Eating Control

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Men and women aged 30-65 years. 2. Informed consent for participation in the study. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Serious systemic disease unrelated to obesity such as cancer, severe kidney, or liver disease, known as type 1 or type 2 diabetes. 2. Systemic diseases with intrinsic inflammatory activity such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, asthma, chronic infection (e.g., HIV, active tuberculosis), or any type of infectious disease. 3. Pregnancy and lactation. 4. Patients with severe disorders of eating behavior. 5. Persons whose liberty is under the legal or administrative requirement. 6. Clinical symptoms and signs of infection in the previous month. 7. Antibiotic, antifungal or antiviral treatment in the previous 3 months. 8. Anti-inflammatory chronic treatment with steroidal and/or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 9. Major psychiatric antecedents. 10. Excessive alcohol intake, either acute or chronic (alcohol intake greater than 40 g a day (women) or 80 g/day (men)) or drug abuse. 11. Serum liver enzyme (AST, ALT) activity over twice the upper limit of normal. 12. History of disturbances in iron balance (e.g., genetic hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis from any cause, atransferrinemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria). 13. Creatinine greater than 1.2 and glomerular filtration rate less than 40. 14. Immunosuppressants treatment. 15. Chronic constipation (depositional habit ≥ 7 days) 16. Kidney failure, history of a kidney transplant, or current treatment with dialysis. 17. Treatment with a slimming product during the previous two months. 18. Class III or IV heart failure (according to the New York Heart Association), medical records of ischemic cardiovascular disease. 19. Current treatment for malignant neoplasm.