Veno-arterial ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality Following Lung TransPlant

Inclusion Criteria: Age \>18 years Assessed for bilateral sequential lung transplantation for obstructive or restrictive lung disease Affiliation to the French social security Written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: At listing : * a pulmonary hypertension with a mPAP \> 45 mmHg, including in the absence of haemodynamic collapse (MAP, LVEF, RV function all normal) * a pulmonary hypertension with echocardiographic evidences of right heart dysfunction (paradoxical septum or RV dilatation or RVEF \< 35%) * a pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension at right heart catheterization with low cardiac output * LT for primary pulmonary hypertension * LT for cystic fibrosis and graft-vs-host disease * Re-do LT * Combined multi-organ transplantation * Active malignancy * Pregnancy, breastfeeding * Patients under guardianship (tutelle, curatelle, sauvegarde de justice) Socondary exclusion criteria: Patients without pulmonary hypertension or with pulmonary hypertension without right ventricular dilatation on an echocardiography in the last 6 months will be randomized; Patients meeting one of the following criteria will not be randomized and will be secondary excluded from the study : * preoperative severe pulmonary hypertension with hemodynamic collapse on echocardiography defined by: paradoxical septum or dilatation of the right ventricle or RVEF \< 20LT in a patient under ECMO as bridge-to-transplantation * PreLT hypoxemia with PaO2/FiO2 \< 80mmHg * PreLT hypercapnia PaCO2 \> 80 mmHg after induction