Immunity After Cochlear Implantation and Perilymph Molecular Profiles in Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Inclusion Criteria for the "Cochlear implantation" group : * Patients aged 18 years or more * Indication for the cochlear implantation surgery according to the criteria of French National Authority for Health (Severe to profound sensorineural deafness with indication for cochlear implant surgery: Intelligibility less than or equal to 50% when performing vocal audiometry tests with Fournier's list in free field with recent devices.) * Presence of "useful" residual hearing ≤ 80 dB on at least 2 consecutive frequencies (in air conduction) from the range 125, 250, 500, 1000 kHz on pure-tone audiometry * Patients given their free and informed written consent * Patients affiliated to a French social security system Inclusion Criteria for the "Control" group: * Patients aged 18 years or more * Indication for otological surgery of the middle ear (excluding active infectious or inflammatory pathology e.g. myringoplasty, ossiculoplasty, cure for otosclerosis) * Normal hearing (non affected inner ear): average hearing loss (mean threshold for the frequencies 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz) ≤ 35 dB in bone conduction * Patients given their free and informed written consent * Patients affiliated to a French social security system Exclusion Criteria for the "Cochlear implantation" group: * Contraindication to surgery detected during the preoperative assessment * Pre-implantation cochlear assessment unfavorable to the implantation surgery * Absence of residual hearing shown by preoperative audiometry * History of bacterial labyrinthitis or bacterial meningitis * Cochlear ossification shown on preoperative imaging * Homozygous pathogenic mutations identified by molecular diagnosis of the SCL26A5 (prestin), TECTB (Beta-Tectorin) genes, and heterozygous of the COCH gene (Cochlin) prior to implantation (if available) * Vulnerable subject: minors, protected adults as defined by the Public Health Code, pregnant or breastfeeding women, subject under guardianship or subject deprived of liberty * Participation in another pharmacological therapeutic interventional clinical research Exclusion Criteria for the Control group: * Contraindication to surgery detected during the preoperative assessment * Fluctuating hearing = fluctuating hearing thresholds on at least one ear (shown by past bone conduction pure-tone audiometries) * History of bacterial labyrinthitis or bacterial meningitis * Middle ear infection or inflammation on the day of the surgery * Chronical immune or inflammatory disease * Active viral or bacterial infection on the day of inclusion visit or surgery * Fever on the day of the first blood sample * Vulnerable subject: minors, protected adults as defined by the Public Health Code, pregnant or breastfeeding women, subject under guardianship or subject deprived of liberty * Participation in another pharmacological therapeutic interventional clinical research