Dexmedetomidine was administered in the 'selector' channel and fentanyl in the 'basic \& bolus' channel of dual channel intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) and the amount of opioid consumption was compared. In addition, intensity of pain, postoperative nausea/vomiting, and postoperative delirium was evaluated.
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Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
* Patients who was scheduled for laparoscopic major abdominal surgery (Gastrectomy, Hepatectomy, Colectomy, Pancreatectomy) under general anesthesia
* Aged ≥ 20 years old
Exclusion Criteria:
* Body mass index ≥35 kg/m2
* American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status \>…
Inclusion Criteria:
* Patients who was scheduled for laparoscopic major abdominal surgery (Gastrectomy, Hepatectomy, Colectomy, Pancreatectomy) under general anesthesia
* Aged ≥ 20 years old
Exclusion Criteria:
* Body mass index ≥35 kg/m2
* American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status \> 3
* Severe cardiovascular disorder
* Severe liver or renal dysfunction
* Preoperative dyspnea
* Contraindication to dexmedetomidine (preoperative severe bradycardia (Heart rate \<50), atrioventricular block, allergy to dexmedetomidine)
* Preoperative use of opioid, anticonvulsant, antidepressant
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