Evaluation of 3D Magnetic Resonance Spirometry: Comparison with Spirometry in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Respiratory Pathologies (asthma, COPD, Bilateral Lung Transplant)

Inclusion Criteria: Generic inclusion criteria * Ability to understand the nature and objectives of the study * Ability to remain immobile in an MRI scanner in supine position for the entire duration of the acquisitions * Ability to give free and informed written consent Specific inclusion criteria for healthy volunteers * Age: 18-45 years * No known and diagnosed pulmonary pathology such as respiratory insufficiency, COPD, asthma or cancer * Ability to remain motionless in an MRI scanner in a prone position for a total of 50 min. * Non-smoker and non-smoker Specific inclusion criteria for asthma patients * Age: 18-80 years * Asthma of varying degrees of severity, depending on inhalation required to achieve control: * Diagnosis of asthma classified as moderate according to the Global initiative for asthma (GINA) guidelines for at least 6 months * Diagnosis of asthma classified as severe according to the Global initiative for asthma (GINA) guidelines for at least 6 months months with initiation of biotherapy planned by their pulmonologist * Non-smoker and non-vapourist Specific inclusion criteria for COPD patients * Age: 40-80 years * COPD of varying degrees of severity: * Diagnosis of COPD classified as moderate according to the Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease guidelines (GOLD 2: VEMS = 50-79%) * Diagnosis of COPD classified as severe according to the guidelines for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD 3: VEMS = 30-49%) Specific inclusion criteria for patients with bilateral lung transplants with BOS * Age: 18-90 years * Irreversible FEV1 \< 80% of baseline with FEV1/FVC ratio FEV1/FVC \< 0.7 * Absence of visible parenchymal opacity on CT scan (non inclusion of mixed RAS/CLAD) * Absence of significant bronchial stenosis (having required endoscopic endoscopic treatment) * No diaphragmatic involvement (established by sniff test under fluoroscopy fluoroscopy or diaphragmatic ultrasound) Specific inclusion criteria for patients with bilateral lung transplants without BOS * Age: 18-90 years * FEV1 \> 90% baseline for more than 24 months after the date of date of lung transplantation * Absence of significant bronchial stenosis (requiring endoscopic endoscopic treatment) * Absence of diaphragmatic impairment (established by sniff test under fluoroscopy or diaphragmatic ultrasound)