Optimising Kangaroo Care to Reduce Neonatal Severe Infection/Sepsis and Resistant Bacterial Colonisation Among High-risk Infants in NICU.

INCLUSION CRITERIA 1\. Site level 1a. Neonatal unit that provide routinely cares for extremely premature infants (\<28 weeks' gestation). 1b. Minimum capacity of 12 beds. 1c. Access to a -70 to -80°C freezer for storage of research samples 1d. Willing to implement optimised KC if allocated to the intervention group. 1e. Willing to commit to offering the minimum expected target duration or an increase of 50% if neonatal unit is already offering \>67% of the minimum expected target duration, if allocated to the intervention arm. 1f. Prepared to implement NeoIPC surveillance. 1. g. Adequate resources and expertise and approvals from relevant Research Ethics Committees, as appropriate. 2. Infant level 2a. All high-risk infants (born at \<32 weeks' gestation) admitted to participating neonatal units, regardless of complexity of care, anticipated hospitalisation duration, room type, or whether admitted directly after birth. EXCLUSION CRITERIA 1 Site level 1. a. Participation in other research that could directly influence the study intervention or outcomes. 2. a. Average StSC duration already exceeding 18 hours per day. 3. a. Anticipated major changes in resistant bacterial colonisation pressure during the study 2 Infant level 2a. No infant-level exclusion criteria for data collection. We exclude infants from individual data and sample collection if their parents or legal guardians do not provide written informed consent. These infants contribute to cluster-aggregated outcomes.