The body has different ways of fighting infection and disease. No single way seems perfect for fighting cancers. This research study combines two different ways of fighting cancer: antibodies and T cells.
Antibodies are types of proteins that protect the body from infectious diseases and possibly cancer. T cells, also called T lymphocytes, are special infection-fighting blood cells that can kill …
The body has different ways of fighting infection and disease. No single way seems perfect for fighting cancers. This research study combines two different ways of fighting cancer: antibodies and T cells.
Antibodies are types of proteins that protect the body from infectious diseases and possibly cancer. T cells, also called T lymphocytes, are special infection-fighting blood cells that can kill other cells, including cells infected with viruses and tumor cells. Both antibodies and T cells have been used to treat patients with cancers. They have shown promise but have not been strong enough to cure most patients.
In order to get them to kill cancers more effectively, in the laboratory, the study team inserted a new gene called a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) into T cells that makes them recognize cancer cells and kill them. When inserted, this new CAR T cell can specifically recognize a protein found on solid tumors, called glypican-3 (GPC3). To make this GPC3-CAR more effective, the study team also added two genes called IL15 and IL21 that help CAR T cells grow better and stay in the blood longer so that they may kill tumors better. When the study team did this in the laboratory, they found that this mixture of GPC3-CAR,IL15 and IL21 killed tumor cells better when compared with CAR T cells that did not have IL15 plus IL21 in the laboratory. This study will use those cells, which are called 21.15.GPC3-CAR T cells, to treat patients with solid tumors that have GPC3 on their surface.
The study team also wanted to make sure that they could stop the 21.15.GPC3-CAR T cells from growing in the blood should there be any bad side effects. In order to do so, they inserted a gene called iCasp9 into the CO-EXIST T cells. This allows us the elimination of 21.15.GPC3-CAR T cells in the blood when the gene comes into contact with a medication called AP1903. The drug (AP1903) is an experimental drug that has been tested in humans with no bad side-effects. This drug will only be used to kill the T cells if necessary due to side effects .
The study team has treated patients with T cells that include GPC3. Patients have also been treated with IL-21 and with IL-15. Patients have not been treated with a combination of T cells that contain GPC3, IL-21 and IL-15. To summarize, this study will test the effect of 21.15.GPC3-CAR T cells in patients with solid tumors that express GPC3 on their surface.
The 21.15.GPC3-CAR T cells are an investigational product not yet approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
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Eligibility Criteria
Procurement Inclusion Criteria:
* Diagnosis of GPC3-positive\* solid tumors (as determined by immunohistochemistry with an extent score of \>=Grade 2 \[\>25% positive tumor cells\] and an intensity score of \>= 2 \[scale 0-4\]).
* Age ≥21 years
* Lansky or Karnofsky score ≥60%
* Life expectancy ≥16…
Procurement Inclusion Criteria:
* Diagnosis of GPC3-positive\* solid tumors (as determined by immunohistochemistry with an extent score of \>=Grade 2 \[\>25% positive tumor cells\] and an intensity score of \>= 2 \[scale 0-4\]).
* Age ≥21 years
* Lansky or Karnofsky score ≥60%
* Life expectancy ≥16 weeks
* Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage A, B or C (- Child-Pugh-Turcotte score \<7 (for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma only)
* Informed consent explained to, understood by and signed by patient/guardian. Patient/guardian given copy of informed consent \* GPC3 expression will be evaluated by standard immunohistochemistry (IHC) at Texas Patients's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pathology for all patients to meet procurement eligibility. All patients will send at least 5 unstained slides.
Procurement Exclusion Criteria:
* History of hypersensitivity reactions to murine protein-containing products OR presence of human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) prior to enrollment (only patients who have received prior therapy with murine antibodies).
* History of organ transplantation
* Known HIV positivity
* Active bacterial, fungal or viral infection (except Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C virus infections)
Treatment Inclusion Criteria:
* Diagnosis of GPC3-positive solid tumor
* Age ≥ 21 years
* Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage A, B or C
* Life expectancy of ≥ 12 weeks
* Lansky or Karnofsky score ≥ 60%
* Child-Pugh-Turcotte score \< 7
* Adequate organ function:
* Creatinine clearance as estimated by Cockcroft Gault or Schwartz ≥ 60 ml/min
* total bilirubin \< 3 times ULN for age
* INR ≤1.7 (for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma only)
* absolute neutrophil count \> 500/µl
* platelet count \> 25,000/µl (can be transfused)
* Hgb ≥ 7.0 g/dl (can be transfused)
* Pulse oximetry \>90% on room air
* Refractory or relapsed disease after treatment with up- front therapy and at least one salvage treatment cycle
* Recovered from acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy and investigational agents before entering this study, as determined by history and physical exam
* Sexually active patients must be willing to utilize one of the more effective birth control methods for 3 months after the T-cell infusion.
* Informed consent explained to, understood by and signed by patient/guardian. Patient/guardian given copy of informed consent
Treatment Exclusion Criteria:
* Pregnancy or lactation
* Uncontrolled infection
* Systemic steroid treatment (greater than or equal to 0.5 mg prednisone equivalent/kg/day, dose adjustment or discontinuation of medication must occur at least 24hrs prior to CAR T cell infusion)
* Known HIV positivity
* Active bacterial, fungal or viral infection (except Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C virus infections)
* History of organ transplantation
* History of hypersensitivity reactions to murine protein-containing products OR presence of human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) prior to enrollment (only patients who have received prior therapy with murine antibodies)
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