Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Participant meets 2014 IWG-2 criteria for hippocampal amnestic syndrome, typical of AD, with progressive episodic memory impairment confirmed by neuropsychology. Cerebrospinal fluid markers (Aβ40, Aβ42, T-tau, p-tau) consistent with AD, or AV-45 PET imaging showing significant cortical tracer retention, in line with AD pathophysiology. 2. Age range: 55-80 years. 3. No visual or hearing impairment. 4. Right-handed. 5. Han nationality. 6. Signed informed consent. 7. Reliable caregivers as information providers. 8. MMSE score: 10-27; CDR: 0.5-2 points. 9. If receiving approved AD treatment (e.g., acetylcholinesterase inhibitor or memantine), dose must be stable for ≥3 months prior to screening and unchanged unless medically necessary. Exclusion Criteria: 1. History of seizures or epilepsy diagnosis; 2. Stroke history; 3. Nervous system diseases causing brain dysfunction (schizophrenia, severe anxiety/depression, dementia, Huntington's, brain tumors, Parkinson's, metabolic encephalopathy, encephalitis, MS, epilepsy, brain trauma, hydrocephalus); 4. Severe liver/kidney/lung dysfunction, anemia, gastrointestinal disease, arrhythmia, recent MI; 5. Barbiturate/benzodiazepine use within 2 weeks; 6. MRI/TMS contraindications (metallic implants); 7. Systemic diseases causing cognitive impairment (hypothyroidism, folate/B12 deficiency, infections, alcohol/drug abuse); 8. Aphasia, consciousness disturbance, inability to cooperate; 9. TMS/tDCS/DBS has been processed; 10. Underlying pathology other than AD; 11. Focal brain lesions on T1/T2 images; 12. Refusal to sign informed consent.