High-Intensity Interval Training(HIIT) on Cardio-metabolic Risk in School-age Children

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 7-18 years at baseline. * At least one of the following cardio-metabolic abnormalities: 1. Prediabetes (Impaired fasting glucose: 5.6 ≤ fasting blood glucose level ≤ 6.9 mmol/L; or Impaired glucose tolerance: 7.8 ≤ blood glucose level after 2 hours postprandial ≤ 11.0 mmol/L). 2. Lipid abnormalities (High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤ 1.04 mmol/L; or Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 3.37 mmol/L; or Triglycerides ≥ 1.70 mmol/L, or Total cholesterol ≥ 5.18 mmol/L). 3. Elevated blood pressure (Systolic/diastolic blood pressure consistently higher than the 90th percentile for gender, age, and height; or systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 120/80 mmHg). * Written consent from participants and their guardians. Exclusion Criteria: * Previously diagnosed with heart failure, severe malnutrition, immune deficiency, liver or kidney disease, cancer, or other diseases deemed unsuitable for participation. * Taking weight loss drugs, or undergone weight loss surgery. * Attending behavior-based intervention programs (exercise or diet) within a year. * Regular HIIT (at least once per week). * Secondary obesity, such as neuropsychiatric disorders, endocrine disorders, sleep apnea syndrome, or other conditions. * Unable to take interventions due to health conditions, such as joint diseases, fractures, injuries. * Other situations unsuitable for participation.