HTA of NIVATS Based on RWE

Inclusion Criteria: \- Experimental Group (Non-intubated Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery)： 1. Patients diagnosed with pulmonary nodules or lung cancer who are scheduled for minimally invasive surgery (including wedge resection, segmentectomy, or lobectomy). 2. Aged between 18 and 75 years, regardless of gender. 3. Preoperative assessment indicates that the patient can tolerate non-intubated video-assisted thoracic surgery. 4. The patient has signed an informed consent form and voluntarily agrees to participate in the study. Control Group (Intubated Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery)： 1. Patients diagnosed with pulmonary nodules or lung cancer who are scheduled for minimally invasive surgery (including wedge resection, segmentectomy, or lobectomy). 2. Aged between 18 and 75 years, regardless of gender. 3. Preoperative assessment indicates that the patient can tolerate minimally invasive surgery. 4. The patient has signed an informed consent form and voluntarily agrees to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients unable to provide sufficient preoperative and postoperative follow-up data. 2. Pregnant or breastfeeding women. 3. Patients with severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction preoperatively, making them unfit for surgery. 4. Patients who have previously undergone surgery or radiotherapy in the same chest region. 5. Patients with active infections or other severe comorbidities that may affect surgical outcomes. 6. Patients with mental illness or cognitive impairment who cannot understand the study content or comply with follow-up requirements.