Synbiotics Impact on Insulin and TNF-α in MAFLD: a Gut Microbiota Profile Analysis

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Adult patients aged 25-55 years 2. Patients are willing to become research respondents after filling out informed consent 3. Patients can and are willing to consume supplements orally within a predetermined time 4. Patients are willing to record compliance with taking supplements in a diary that has been provided 5. Patients diagnosed with MAFLD by FibroScan interpreted by a specialist in gastroenterology-hepatology with a CAP score ≥263 dB/m Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with hepatitis (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and autoimmune hepatitis) and alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis of the liver 2. Patients who are pregnant, or breastfeeding or in a programme to become pregnant during participation in this study. 3. Patients with a history of alcohol consumption \>40 g/day. 4. Patients with a history of decompensated disease including ascites, encephalopathy, variceal haemorrhage 5. Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) 6. Patients with a history of bowel resection or bariatric surgery Patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 7. Patients with a history of antibiotic use or probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic consumption in the past 1 month 8. Use of Vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids 9. Patients who were not hospitalised in the last month and therefore did not have any food restrictions related to their illness.