Optimized Tailored Interventions in Metabolic and Lifestyle Outcomes (OPTIMAL)

Inclusion Criteria: * 45-64 years of age * 20/20 or corrected vision * No food allergies or intolerances * Not pregnant, lactating, or have given birth in the past 12 months * Do not smoke, use tobacco, or abuse drugs * Absence of liver or gastrointestinal diseases (i.e., primary biliary cirrhosis or gallbladder disease, chronic constipation, diarrhea, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulosis, stomach or duodenal ulcers), hepatitis, HIV, and cancer * Not currently taking oral hypoglycemic agents, or insulin * No history of malabsorptive or bariatric surgery * Cognitively intact with no prior diagnosis of neurological disease (i.e., mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and/or Asperger's syndrome) * Able to consume the study meals * Not enrolled in another dietary, exercise, or medication study during the study. Exclusion Criteria: * Non-consent of participant * Above 64 or below 45 years of age * Vision not 20/20 or corrected * Food allergies or intolerances * Pregnant, lactating, or have given birth in the past 12 months * Smoke, use tobacco, or abuse drugs * Prior diagnosis of liver or gastrointestinal disease (i.e., primary biliary cirrhosis or gallbladder disease, chronic constipation, diarrhea, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulosis, stomach or duodenal ulcers), hepatitis, HIV, or cancer * Currently taking oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin * History of malabsorptive or bariatric surgery * Cognitively impaired and/or prior diagnosis of neurological disease (i.e., mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and/or Asperger's syndrome) * Unable to consume the study meals * Concurrent enrollment in another dietary, exercise, or medication study