Opioid-free Anesthesia Protocol for Neurosurgical Supratentorial Tumor Resection

Opioids have many side effects, such as constipation, urinary retention, itchy skin, respiratory depression, and postoperative nausea and vomiting. These side effects can lead to delayed recovery, longer hospital stays, and increased health care costs. Opioid-free anesthesia is the combination of anti-nociceptive drugs to block the different pathways involved in the transmission of nociceptive information, control pain, avoid opioid-related adverse reactions, and promote patient recovery. At present, opioid-free anesthesia is not widely used in craniocerebral surgery in neurosurgery, and the relevant clinical data are extensive. Therefore, the investigators urgently need to conduct a randomized controlled study to provide clinical evidence for the efficacy and safety of opioid-free anesthesia in neurosurgical patients.