Optimal Target Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level for Small Vessel Occlusion Stroke

Lipid-lowering therapy constitutes a cornerstone of secondary prevention in ischemic stroke; however, current stroke guidelines remain deficient in providing optimal target low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels tailored to the stroke subtypes. Most clinical trials on LDL-cholesterol management have not differentiated between stroke subtypes or have primarily focused on large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke, leaving a gap in evidence for managing LDL-cholesterol in other stroke subtypes, e.g., small vessel occlusion (SVO) stroke. While hypertension is the leading risk factor for SVO strokes, the link between elevated LDL-cholesterol and SVO stroke is also recognized. Establishing optimal LDL-cholesterol targets for SVO stroke would significantly enhance secondary prevention strategies and improve patient outcome. Thus, the investigators aim to compare intensive versus standard lipid-lowering in patients with SVO stroke. SVO70 is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open, blinded-endpoint clinical trial. Adult participants with objectively confirmed SVO stroke within 180 days of randomization will be included. Exclusion criteria include those with predefined LDL-cholesterol targets for other conditions, statin contraindications, or women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning pregnancy during the study period. Eligible participants will be randomized 1:1 to target LDL-cholesterol \<70 mg/dL (intensive group) or 90-110 mg/dL (standard group). The trial plans to enroll 4,016 participants, with the primary outcome being major adverse cardiovascular events-cardiovascular death, stroke, and acute coronary syndrome-during a follow-up period of at least 4 years. This study would provide valuable information for determining the optimal LDL-cholesterol target for patients with SVO stroke.