Vaginal Microbiome Research Consortium for Africa

Inclusion Criteria: * Female at birth * Willing and able to provide informed consent for screening and cognitive ability to understand sampling procedures * Not pregnant * HIV negative on testing performed by study staff * 18-40 years old * Planning to stay in the area for the next 10 weeks * Able and willing to provide adequate locator information for study retention purposes * Willing and able to return for all 3 nurse visits and return self-swabs to the clinic weekly * Sexually active for the last 3 months defined as penetrative penile-vaginal intercourse at least once in the last 3 months Exclusion Criteria: * Male at birth * Not willing to provide consent * Pregnant or actively trying to conceive/become pregnant in the next 10 weeks * Living with HIV or untreated STIs (CT, NG, TV) or bacterial vaginosis (Nugent \> 3) * Currently taking antibiotics or having been on antibiotic treatment in the previous four weeks * \<18 or \>40 years old * On chronic disease management for gynaecological conditions * Any medical condition or other factors which would preclude study participation as per principal Investigator's or designee's decision, including but not limited to cancer of the cervix * Any mental health condition which, in the opinion of the investigator, would preclude comprehension of informed consent, or preclude study participation * Currently enrolled on any other study prohibiting co-enrolment