Transcranial Stimulation for Insomnia Disorders

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age between 18 and 65 years; 2. Meets the diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) 3. Has not taken psychiatric medications in the 8 weeks prior to enrollment or has been on stable psychiatric medication for 8 weeks (excluding benzodiazepines); 4. Insomnia severity as indicated by an ISI score \> 10; 5. Minimum education level of junior high school or above. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Past or current diagnosis of disorders other than insomnia disorder, anxiety disorder, or depressive disorder according to DSM-5; 2. Currently using benzodiazepines as sleep aids; 3. Moderate to severe anxiety or depression (HAMD-17 score \> 16 or HAMA score \> 24); 4. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; 5. Previous treatment with ECT, rTMS, tES, or cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia disorder; 6. Severe physical illnesses or any condition that may induce seizures or intracranial hypertension, including cardiovascular or respiratory diseases; 7. History of neurological disorders (e.g., epilepsy, cerebrovascular accidents) or history of brain injury or brain surgery; 8. Presence of implantable medical devices such as intracranial stents, cardiac pacemakers, coronary stents, or cochlear implants; 9. Severe negative thoughts or high suicide risk; 10. Pregnant or planning to conceive in the near future.