In-person and Telehealth Visual Rehabilitation for Children With Low Vision

Passive visual stimulation group Inclusion Criteria: 1. Children aged less than or equal to 12 years old. 2. The causes of visual disorder in children are unlimited. 3. The acuity of children's better eye ranges between hand move and 0.2. 4. Children with multiple disabilities and visual disorders typically exhibit developmental levels ranging from moderate to severe or below. 5. The parents of these children exhibit a positive attitude and are willing to cooperate with visual learning programs. 6. Infants under 1 year old with low vision without other developmental issues , under or equal to moderate developmental issues. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Significant refractive errors that affect acuity but are unable to cooperate with wearing corrective glasses in two training sessions. 2. Requires patching for monocular vision rehabilitation but is unable to cooperate with patching in two training sessions. 3. The individual is unable to adapt to the training environment and cooperate with visual learning in two sessions due to unstable emotions or difficulty adapting to the environment. Perceptual learning group Inclusion Criteria 1. Children aged less than or equal to 12 years old. 2. No restrictions on the causes of visual impairment in children. 3. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the better eye is equal to or better than 0.02. 4. If children have additional developmental issues, their disability severity should primarily be mild or moderate. 5. The primary caregiver demonstrates a positive attitude and is willing to cooperate with the visual training program. 6. The child is capable of completing calibration with an eye-tracking device. Exclusion Criteria (1)Significant refractive errors that severely affect vision, where the child cannot adapt to wearing corrective glasses within two training sessions. (2)Requires occlusion therapy for monocular visual rehabilitation but cannot cooperate with occlusion within two training sessions. (3)Inability to adapt to the training environment or cooperate with visual training due to emotional instability or difficulty adjusting within two training sessions. (4)Unstable physiological conditions (e.g., epilepsy, sleep disturbances) that prevent consistent participation in visual training.