Effects of Vaping on Post-operative Recurrence of Crohn's Disease

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult (age ≥18) patients with an established diagnosis of Crohn's disease.- Patients who underwent surgical resections of a tract of intestine accessible through endoscopy. * Patients who underwent ileo-colic resections due to Crohn's disease or its complications (stricture or fistula) irrespective of the type of anastomosis (side-to-side L-L, , end-to-end T-T, end-to-side T-L, Kono S, iso or antiperistaltic) * Patients whose smoking habit (or nonsmoking habit) is clearly reported in the medical records * Data will be collected from January 2000 to August 2024. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients who underwent surgical operations different from intestinal resections (i.e. stricturoplasty raffias, dilation, bypass etc) * Patients who underwent Intestinal resections for indications other than Crohn's disease (inflammatory, stricturing or fistulizing) such as: cancer, trauma, etc * Patients who for any reason did not undergo endoscopic reassessment of the anastomosis within 12 months from surgery * Unconfirmed diagnosis of Crohn's disease * Patients whose smoking habits could not be determined * Patients with mixed smoking habits, defined as smoking at the same time tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes or who have changed type of smoking product (from tobacco to vaping or vice versa) after the intestinal resection and before the endoscopic reassessment