Benefits of Epithelial Repair in COPD by Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS)

General Inclusion Criteria * Male and female participants aged 18 years or older. * Participants with a bronchoscopy indication determined by a pulmonologist (e.g., follow-up exploration, nodule investigation, hemoptysis, cough, sputum production, recurrent bronchitis, or differential diagnosis). Group 1 Inclusion Criteria: COPD * Current or former smokers (≥10 pack-years). * Diagnosed with COPD: FEV1/FVC \< 0.7 (confirmed by spirometry available in the medical file within the past year). Group 2 Inclusion Criteria: Smokers without COPD (n=10) * Current or former smokers (≥10 pack-years). * No obstructive ventilatory disorder identified by clinical examination and/or (FEV1/FVC \> 0.7 and FEV1 \> 70% of predicted values) confirmed by spirometry within the past year. Group 3 Inclusion Criteria: Non-smoker controls (n=10) * Never-smokers or former smokers who quit more than 10 years ago (\<10 pack-years). * No obstructive ventilatory disorder identified by clinical examination and/or (FEV1/FVC \> 0.7 and FEV1 \> 70% of predicted values) confirmed by spirometry within the past year. Exclusion Criteria: * Participant with extensive neoplastic disease. * Participant with another progressive pulmonary condition (e.g., asthma, tuberculosis, interstitial lung disease, active or recent pulmonary infection). * Participant consuming illicit drugs or alcohol. * Individual deprived of liberty (by judicial or administrative decision, or under involuntary hospitalization). * Individual currently enrolled in another research study with an ongoing exclusion period. * Participant with recent psychiatric disorders (e.g., involuntary hospitalization, mental health conditions preventing informed consent, or requiring immediate medical intervention). * Adult under legal protection (e.g., guardianship, curatorship, or judicial protection). * Participant unable to provide informed consent. * Participant not fluent in French and without a trusted person to assist with comprehension. * Participant not affiliated with or covered by a social security system. * Pregnant or breastfeeding women. * Participant refusing to provide consent after being informed. * Participant unable or incapable of expressing consent.