Effect of the Home-based Digital-assisted Dyadic Tai Chi (HDTC) Training Program Among Sedentary Individuals With HF and Their Caregivers: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Inclusion Criteria: * CHF individuals: * aged 18 to 75 years * diagnosed with CHF, regardless of the HF phenotype (HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF) * categorized as NYHA class I, II or III * 6MWD \>150 meters (mild to moderate HF) * stable phase of disease in the past four weeks and capable of independently practice Tai Chi without any musculoskeletal disorders that may impede joint movement * sit more than 8 h/d in the past month * own a smartphone * volunteer to participate and provide informed consent. * caregivers: * age ≥18 years old * primary caregiver at home, who has emotional ties or social obligations with CHF individuals and provides daily care * able to exercise Tai Chi without help * volunteer to participate and provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * HF individuals: * plan to undergo surgery within the next 6 months * have severe comorbidities, such as cancer, liver or kidney failure, or diagnosed psychiatric disorders * plan to be admitted to a nursing home or other care facilities * regularly practice Tai Chi or engaging in other forms of exercise in the past 3 months (at least 3 times per week, at least 20 minutes of regular exercise each time) * currently participate in similar or related studies. * caregivers: · formal caregivers, such as nurses, will be excluded.