Effects of TPR and Z Techniques on Pain and Drug Leakage in Intramuscular Injections
Recruiting
N/A
Interventional Study
Muscle Pain
Injection Site Pain
No Placebo Group
Every participant receives an active treatment — no one gets a placebo.
Healthy Volunteers Welcome
You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.
At a Glance
- Age
- 18 – 40
- Sex
- Any
- Study type
- Interventional
- Purpose
- Prevention
- Participants needed
- 76 (estimated)
- Sponsor
- Cumhuriyet University · Other
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About This Trial
This randomized, triple-blind clinical trial compares the effectiveness of Z-track and TPR (traction-pressure-release) techniques in reducing pain and medication leakage during ventrogluteal intramuscular injections. Pain is measured using VAS, and leakage is assessed with a millimeter scale. The study aims to identify a more efficient, less painful injection method.
Trial Locations
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Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
* Aged 16-40
* Prescribed diclofenac sodium
* No communication impairments
* Healthy ventrogluteal muscles without sensory issues
Exclusion Criteria:
* Wounds, redness, bruising, tenderness, or stiffness at the injection site
* Injection in the past 2 weeks
* Neuropathy or oth…
Contacts