This RCT compares three drainage approaches after minimally invasive esophagectomy (chest tube + thoracic mediastinal drainage tube, thoracic, and abdominal mediastinal drainage tube) to evaluate perioperative outcomes, addressing current evidence gaps in pain and complication profiles.
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Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
* Age ≥18 years
* Pathologically confirmed esophageal cancer requiring three-incision esophagectomy (cervical, thoracic, and abdominal incisions)
* ASA physical status class I-III
Exclusion Criteria:
* History of chronic pain or long-term use of analgesics prior to surgery
* S…
Inclusion Criteria:
* Age ≥18 years
* Pathologically confirmed esophageal cancer requiring three-incision esophagectomy (cervical, thoracic, and abdominal incisions)
* ASA physical status class I-III
Exclusion Criteria:
* History of chronic pain or long-term use of analgesics prior to surgery
* Severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction (e.g., FEV1 \<50%)
* Coagulation disorders or patients undergoing reoperation
* Intraoperative findings of extensive pleural adhesions, combined resection of adjacent organs, or other conditions deemed by the investigator to warrant exclusion
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