Tubeless Anesthesia in Preventing Lung Complications in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Early-Stage Lung Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age ≥18 years and ≤70 years; 2. ECOG performance status score 0-1; 3. Good cardiac and pulmonary function; 4. Single or multiple peripheral lung nodules planned for single-port thoracoscopic surgery, with or without mediastinal lymph node dissection or sampling; 5. Able to comply with the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements; 6. Signed informed consent and voluntary participation in the study. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Obese patients (BMI \>30); 2. Patients with difficult intubation or expected complex airway management; 3. COPD patients with copious airway secretions; 4. Patients with neurological dysfunction or who cannot cooperate while awake; 5. Patients expected to have extensive pleural adhesions or with previous lung resection; 6. Elderly and frail patients with severe hypoxia (PaO2 \<60 mmHg) or hypercapnia (PaCO2 \>50/55 mmHg); 7. Previous induction chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy; 8. Intraoperative need to isolate the lung to prevent spillage and contamination of the contralateral lung; 9. Patients expected to have large surgical wounds and lengthy procedures, clinically assessed as unsuitable; 10. Patients whose cardiac and pulmonary function, or overall health, cannot withstand the procedure.