Occlusal Impact of Hall Crowns in Primary Molars

Inclusion Criteria: Inclusion Criteria for Participants * No skeletal or dental anomalies, * ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status classification of I or II , * Frankl Behavior Rating Scale score of 3 or 4, * In the mixed dentition stage, * Fully erupted permanent first molars in occlusal contact at maximum intercuspation * No acute dental pain or need for emergency treatment, * Presence of at least two primary molars with carious lesions scored as 3, 4, or 5 according to the ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System), * Presence of an antagonist tooth for the molar planned to receive Hall Technique, * Provision of verbal and written informed consent by the participant and legal guardian after reading or listening to the consent form and fully understanding its content. Inclusion Criteria for Tooth Based on Clinical Examination: * No history of prolonged pain in response to thermal or chemical stimuli, or spontaneous pain suggestive of irreversible pulpitis, * No sensitivity to percussion or palpation, * Absence of both pathological and physiological mobility, * No signs of swelling, fistula, or discoloration, * Sufficient remaining tooth structure to retain a preformed stainless steel crown. Based on Radiographic Examination: * Radiolucent lesion associated with dental caries located within the outer one-third to two-thirds of the dentin, with a visible band of normal dentin between the lesion and the pulp, * At least two-thirds of root length present, * No signs of internal or external pathological or physiological root resorption, * Intact lamina dura and normal periodontal ligament space, * No periradicular bone loss surrounding the roots, * No calcified masses in the pulp chamber. Exclusion Criteria: * Individuals with serious systemic or psychological conditions * Participants who fail to attend follow-up appointments * Those who exhibit excessive fear or anxiety reactions and are unable to cooperate during treatment