Treatment Response in Patients With Medication-Overuse Headache

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 18 and 65 years * Diagnosis of medication-overuse headache according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3) * Diagnosis of medication-overuse headache associated with the use of triptans or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs * Previous diagnosis of chronic migraine or chronic tension-type headache according to the ICHD-3 criteria Exclusion Criteria: * History of severe head or neck trauma or previous neurosurgical intervention * Presence of a severe psychiatric disorder (e.g., severe depression, schizophrenia) * History of infectious disease, chronic inflammatory disease, or malignancy * Previous diagnosis of secondary headache * History of substance abuse * Pregnancy or breastfeeding * History of an additional neurological disorder (e.g., cerebrovascular disease, multiple sclerosis) * Difficulty with cooperation * Presence of a concomitant systemic disease that may affect quality of life (e.g., congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, pulmonary disease, uncontrolled diabetes, or peripheral vascular disease)