Periodontal Health Among Cigarette, Electronic Cigarettes, and Narghile Smokers
Recruiting
Observational Study
Smokers
Periodontal Status
No Placebo Group
Every participant receives an active treatment — no one gets a placebo.
No Study Drug
Researchers observe your health over time — no experimental treatment is given.
At a Glance
- Age
- 18 – 25
- Sex
- Any
- Study type
- Observational
- Participants needed
- 90 (estimated)
- Sponsor
- Al-Hawash Private University · Other
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About This Trial
This study compares the different effects of traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and narghile on periodontal health among a sample of Al-Hawash Private University students. The main question it aims to answer is: Are there statistically significant differences in periodontal parameters among different types of smokers?
Trial Locations
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Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
* Cigarette smokers: Individuals who have smoked five or more cigarettes per day for at least one year.
* E-cigarette smokers: Individuals who have smoked e-cigarettes one or more times per day for at least one year.
* narghile smokers: Individuals who have used a hookah one or …
Contacts