Individualized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Parkinsonian Disorders

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Diagnostic Criteria Clinically established or clinically probable Parkinson's Disease (PD) according to the 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) diagnostic criteria; Clinically established or clinically probable Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) according to the 2022 MDS diagnostic criteria; Clinically probable or clinically possible Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) according to the 2017 MDS diagnostic criteria. 2. Demographics Aged 30 to 80 years, inclusive; no gender restrictions. 3. Disease Severity and Staging PD: Modified Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) stage 2-4; MSA: Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) Part IV stage 1-4; PSP: Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) grade 2-4. 4. Informed Consent and Compliance Ability to understand and comply with the study requirements and provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Contraindications to TMS Presence of intracranial metallic implants or other foreign bodies, including but not limited to cochlear implants, cardiac pacemakers, or internal metallic/magnetic fragments. 2. Contraindications to EEG and MRI EEG: Known allergy to conductive paste or other EEG-related contraindications. MRI: History of claustrophobia, presence of MRI-incompatible implants, or extensive tattoos. 3. Concurrent Physical Therapies Currently receiving Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) or other therapeutic physical modalities, such as Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). 4. Unstable Medical Conditions Presence of unstable systemic diseases requiring urgent pharmacological or surgical intervention. 5. Neurological and Psychiatric History Personal or family history of epilepsy; History of moderate-to-severe psychiatric or psychological disorders; Chronic insomnia or regular use of sedative-hypnotics; Current use of medications that significantly alter central nervous system excitability.