Comparative Evaluation of Nicotine Analogs

This phase I trial compares electronic cigarette (EC) user preferences and smoking behaviors of nicotine analogs to nicotine to improve the understanding of nicotine analog addictiveness. Over the last ten years, EC use has become a major concern due to its increased use among adolescents and young adults. Though progress has been made in regulating nicotine containing products, some companies have shifted toward producing products containing nicotine analogs. ECs are battery-powered electronic devices designed to atomize a nicotine (the poisonous chemical found in tobacco)-containing liquid solution for inhalation in a manner that simulates smoking a tobacco cigarette. When nicotine enters the body, it causes an increased heart rate and use of oxygen by the heart, and a sense of well-being and relaxation. Nicotine analogs are compounds that are similar to nicotine in their chemical structure. Some nicotine analogs have been shown to have nicotine-like effects; however, more research is needed to prove they function similarly to nicotine and/or have similar effects. Comparing EC user preferences and smoking behaviors of nicotine analogs to nicotine may help improve the understanding of nicotine analog addictiveness. Additionally, combustible cigarette smoking is well-known to have deleterious effects on cardiovascular health. High blood pressure is one of the major health consequences of cigarette smoking and can increase the risk of hypertension, heart attack, and stroke. Although ECs have been marketed as a less harmful alternative to cigarette smoking, clinical trials have shown that vaping ECs can also lead to acute increases in blood pressure and heart rate. Nicotine can alter vascular reactivity by promoting the release of vasoconstrictors and suppressing the production of vasodilators. No research has examined how the synthetic nicotine in ECs affects hemodynamics, vascular health, and endothelial function. Assessing acute cardiovascular responses to nicotine analogs is therefore critical to enhancing our understanding of the potential cardiovascular risks associated with vaping ECs containing synthetic nicotine.