Effect of Mycobacterial Infection on Immune Status

Inclusion Criteria and Exclusion Criteria: Inclusion Criteria： 1. Age ≥ 18 years, all genders and races accepted. 2. Patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed clinically or by bronchoscopy within less than 1 week. 3. Patients with latent tuberculosis infection (positive T-SPOT test but no evidence of active tuberculosis infection). 4. Patients with tuberculous pleurisy with onset within less than 1 week. 5. Voluntarily join this study and sign the informed consent form. 6. Patients whose drug susceptibility test or NGS results indicate resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin (MDR-TB). 7. Patients whose drug susceptibility test or NGS results indicate sensitivity to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. 8. Patients whose drug susceptibility test or NGS results indicate resistance to only one anti-tuberculosis drug. 9. Patients with newly identified nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (within less than 1 week) by sputum culture or NGS. Exclusion Criteria： 1. Immunosuppressive conditions including HIV infection, long-term use (\>1 month) of immunosuppressive agents or corticosteroids, severe malnutrition, etc. 2. Concurrent other lung diseases, severe liver or kidney dysfunction, severe endocrine diseases, hematological diseases, or malignant tumors that may affect the study outcomes. 3. Patients with diabetes mellitus. 4. Pregnant or lactating women. 5. Patients unable or unwilling to provide informed consent, or with poor compliance.