AI Timing in Chest X-ray Interpretation Using Eye-Tracking

Inclusion Criteria: Main reader study: * Healthcare professionals aged 18 years or over * Registered to practise in the UK * Employed by the NHS or another healthcare service operating in the UK * Current or recent, within the last 3 years, clinical experience involving chest X-ray interpretation, review, or use in clinical practice * Able to attend two onsite study sessions at University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust at mutually agreed times * Able and willing to provide written informed consent * Compatible with the eye-tracking equipment Supplementary survey: * Adults aged 18 years or over * Live in the UK or have used the NHS or another UK healthcare service within the last 5 years * Able to provide informed electronic consent * Belong to one of the following respondent groups: healthcare professionals or healthcare staff, patients or carers, or members of the public * Healthcare professional respondents may include adults involved in requesting, interpreting, checking, or acting on chest X-ray findings in clinical practice Exclusion Criteria: Main reader study: * Inability to attend both onsite study sessions at University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust * Eye-tracking incompatibility, such as visual, neurological, or physical conditions preventing adequate gaze tracking or participant comfort * Direct involvement in selection, adjudication, or preparation of the chest X-rays used in the study * Conflicts of interest, including direct involvement in development of the AI system under evaluation * Prior participation in a closely related AI chest X-ray study where overlap in image sets or study procedures may compromise validity, assessed on a case-by-case basis Supplementary survey: * Aged under 18 years * Does not live in the UK and has not used the NHS or another UK healthcare service within the last 5 years * Unable to provide informed electronic consent * Does not meet one of the eligible respondent groups for the survey