Clinical Risk Score Prediction for Risk of Dementia Among Late-life Population With Depression

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged ≥50 years. * A diagnosis of depression clearly recorded by a clinician in the electronic medical record at baseline (based on structured or unstructured diagnostic documentation formed through routine clinical practice). * Complete baseline electronic medical record data available, including at least demographic information (age, sex), clinical diagnoses, comorbidities, and medication records. * At least one follow-up record available in the electronic medical record system to enable determination of incident dementia outcomes. * Informed consent provided for the use of routine medical data for this research analysis. Exclusion Criteria: * Any type of dementia diagnosis recorded in the electronic medical record at baseline (including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and other types of dementia). * Medical record documentation indicating that the diagnosis of dementia preceded the diagnosis of depression, or an inability to clearly determine the chronological order of the two diagnoses. * Presence of other neurological diseases at baseline that may independently cause severe cognitive impairment (e.g., Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, brain tumor, normal pressure hydrocephalus). * Missing key baseline electronic medical record data that would preclude subsequent risk model analysis. * Incomplete follow-up information or inability to clearly confirm incident dementia outcomes through the electronic medical record system. * Refusal to participate in the study or withdrawal of informed consent.